Cancer screening and its association with core knowledge of cancer in community residents / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To understand the situation of cancer screening of community residents and its association with the knowledge of cancer core knowledge, and to provide reference for the formulation of secondary cancer prevention measures. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 2 037 residents aged 18-79 who lived in Bao 'an District, Shenzhen. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the relationship between core knowledge and cancer screening behavior after adjusting for age, gender, education, marriage, occupation and smoking. Results The cancer screening rate of community residents was 28.10%, and the screening rate of middle-aged and elderly people aged 40-79 was 33.50 %.The proportion of “not very well understanding”, “partial understanding” and “basic understanding” of the core knowledge of cancer were 43.91%, 42.33% and 13.76%, respectively, which was higher than that of the non-participants. Multivariate analysis showed that the women, the higher the level of education of college/university or above and the higher the level of knowledge of cancer prevention core knowledge, the higher the probability of participating in cancer screening was OR (95%CI ) : 2.40 (1.86-3.12), 1.65 (1.29-2.10), 1.38 (1.18 - 1.62), respectively. Conclusion The proportion of cancer screening in community residents needs to be improved, and the degree of core knowledge of cancer is closely related to cancer screening behavior. It is suggested to increase the publicity and education of the core knowledge of cancer, and at the same time, carry out the health education of secondary cancer prevention for the key population such as men and people with low education level, so as to improve the proportion of “early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment” of cancer.

The willingness for dietary and behavioral changes in frontline epidemic prevention workers after experiencing the outbreak of COVID-19 in China: a cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND@#The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has had a massive impact on public health, resulting in sudden dietary and behavioral habit changes. Frontline epidemic prevention workers play a pivotal role against COVID-19. They must face high-risk infection conditions, insufficient anti-epidemic material supplies, mental pressure, and so on. COVID-19 seriously affects their dietary and behavioral habits, and poor habits make them more susceptible to COVID-19. However, their baseline dietary and behavioral habits before COVID-19 and their willingness to change these habits after the outbreak of COVID-19 remain unclear for these workers in China. This study aimed to explore the baseline dietary and behavioral habits of frontline workers and their willingness to change these habits after the outbreak of the epidemic; in addition, susceptible subgroups were identified by stratified analyses as targets of protective measures to keep them from being infected with COVID-19.@*METHODS@#A cross-sectional study was conducted through an online questionnaire using a sample of 22,459 valid individuals living in China, including 9402 frontline epidemic prevention workers.@*RESULTS@#Before COVID-19, 23.9% of the frontline epidemic prevention workers reported a high-salt diet, 46.9% of them reported a high frequency of fried foods intake, and 50.9% of them smoked cigarettes. After the outbreak of COVID-19, 34.6% of them expressed a willingness to reduce salt intake, and 43.7% of them wanted to reduce the frequency of pickled vegetables intake. A total of 37.9% of them expressed a willingness to decrease or quit smoking, and 44.5% of them wanted to increase sleep duration. Significant differences in the baseline dietary and behavioral habits and the willingness to change their habits were observed between frontline epidemic prevention workers and other participants. Among the frontline epidemic prevention workers with poor dietary and behavioral habits before COVID-19, frontline epidemic prevention experience was a promoting factor for adopting worse dietary and behavioral habits, including those in the high-salt intake subgroup (OR, 2.824; 95% CI, 2.341-3.405) and the 11-20 cigarettes/day subgroup (OR, 2.067; 95% CI, 1.359-3.143).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The dietary and behavioral habits of frontline epidemic prevention workers were worse than that those of other participants before COVID-19. They had a greater willingness to adopt healthy dietary and behavioral habits after experiencing the outbreak of COVID-19. However, frontline epidemic prevention workers with poor dietary and behavioral habits before COVID-19 continued in engage in these poor habits. Dietary and behavioral intervention policies should be drafted to protect their health, especially frontline epidemic prevention workers with poor habits at baseline.

Responses to child sexual assaults and associated factors among parents of young children / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To analyze the possible responses of parents of young children to Child sexual assault (CSA) and the potential influencing factors, so as to provide evidence for prevention programs of CSA.@*Methods@#Part of the data from "2016-2020 Child Injury Prevention Project" was used to analyze responses to CSA among parents of children younger than 3rd grade in primary school by chi square test and Logistic regression analysis.@*Results@#A total of 4 072 parents were included in the analysis. Among them, 86.8% of parents chose "to solve problems together", 51.0% of parents taking children to a "psychologist", 4.9% of parents "scolding children for being too careless", 2.9% of parents "letting child not disclose abuse" and 6.5% of parents chose "other" coping methods. Parents with foreign nationality [OR(95%CI)=2.58(1.25-5.15)] and lower education level (OR=0.26-0.64) tend to "blame" their children. Mothers [(OR(95%CI)=0.54(0.33-0.90)], higher parental education level (OR=0.27-0.72) were more reluctant to encourage their children to keep quiet. Mothers [OR(95%CI)=1.73(1.32-2.27)], older children (OR=1.33-1.78) and parents with higher education level (OR=1.65-2.99) tend to "accompany". Parents aged 30 or more, and from high school/technical school/technical secondary school tend to take their children to see a "psychologist" [OR(95%CI)=1.39(1.14-1.71), 1.79(1.26-2.53)].@*Conclusion@#Parents universally pay attention to the physical and mental health of children after CSA, but some parents still take negative coping methods, e.g. "blame" and "not disclose". Parenting educational level, duration of parent-child communication and age of children are primary factors associated with parental responses to child sexual assault. This study suggests that prevention secondary injury following child sexual assault should be farther strengthened, while fully considering the characteristics of the educated objects.

Long-term effect of cadmium exposure on residents' renal dysfunction: An epidemiologic study / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study long-term effect on renal function exposed to environmental cadmium.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Stratified random sampling and cluster sampling method of epidemiological investigations were carried out in northern Guangdong province between April, 2011 and August, 2012. A total of 167 residents who lived in high cadmium exposure area for more than 15 years, aged above 40 were selected in exposed group. Moreover, A total of 145 residents who had similar living and economic conditions and lived in local for more than 15 years, aged above 40 were selected in control group. We used health questionnaires and medical examinations in order to acquire their health status. Home-harvested rice and vegetables were collected using quartering method for detection of cadmium level. Urine specimens of residents were collected for detection of cadmium level and creatinine as well as renal dysfunction biomarkers, namely, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamidase (NAG), β2-microglobulin (β2-MG), and retinol binding protein(RBP), respectively. The analysis of spearman rank correlation and multiple regression were used to investigate the relationships between age, urinary cadmium levels and renal injury biomarkers.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The cadmium levels in rice and vegetables of exposed group were 0.75 and 0.10 mg/kg, both were significantly higher than 0.07 and 0.01 mg/kg in the control group (Z values were -6.32 and -7.84, all P values < 0.001). The urinary cadmium level of exposed group was 8.29 µg/g · cr, which was higher than that of the control group 2.03 µg/g · cr with significant difference (Z value was -11.39, P < 0.001). After stratified the total population by age, the urinary cadmium level in 40-49 years, 50-59 years and ≥ 60 years subgroups were 7.22, 8.71, and 13.10 µg/g · cr, which both were significantly higher than 1.80, 2.04, and 2.05 µg/g · cr in the control group (Z values were -5.22, -7.41, and -7.14, all P values < 0.001). After stratified the total population by gender, the urinary cadmium level of male and female were 5.12 and 12.36 µg/g · cr, which both were significantly higher than 1.79 and 2.16 µg/g · cr in the control group (Z values were -7.68 and -9.03, all P values < 0.001). Comparing the differences of renal dysfunction biomarkers (NAG, β2-MG, RBP) between two groups. The level of urinary β2-MG and RBP of exposed group were 0.21 and 0.04 µg/g · cr, which were higher than 0.05 and 0.00 µg/g · cr of the control group with significant difference (Z value was -7.08 and -9.65, all P values < 0.001). Pearson correlation analysis showed that NAG, β2-MG and RBP were positively correlated with urinary cadmium and age, the correlation coefficients were 0.57, 0.49, 0.21 and 0.22, 0.26, 0.23 respectively (all P values < 0.001). After adjusting the effect of age, it was appeared that urinary cadmium levels contributed most to the alteration of NAG, β2-MG and RBP, the standardized regression coefficients were 0.57, 0.49 and 0.20 (all P values < 0.001), and suggested that the cadmium body burden was one of the most important factors for renal dysfunction.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Residents, who had cadmium contaminated rice and vegetables for a long time, would take the risk of increasing body burden of cadmium and urinary early biomarkers of renal tubular injury that referred to occurrence of renal dysfunction.</p>

Effects of mild hypothermia on neuronal cell apoptosis , Bcl-2 and Bax protein expression following global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of mild hypothermia (32.5 - 33.5℃) on neuronal cell apoptosis , Bcl-2 and Bax protein expression in hippocampus following global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in rats. Methods Twenty-four male Wistar rats weighing 250-300 g were randomly divided into three groups of 8 animals : (A) control group-normothermia-sham operation; (B) normothermia-global cerebral I/R (N-I/R); (C) hypothermia-global cerebral I/R (H-I/R) . Global cerebral I/R was produced by occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries combined with hypotension (MAP = 40mmHg) induced by exsanguinations. Global cerebral ischemia was confirmed by dilated pupils and EEG. Global cerebral ischemia was maintained for 20 min followed by 72 h reperfusion. Mild hypothermia was induced by alcohol spreyed over the rats combined with fanning and maintained at 32.5-33.51 for 3 h. At the end of 72 h reperfusion the animals were sacrificed and hippocampus was obtained for detection of neuronal cell apoptosis (TUNEL) and Bcl-2 and Bax protein expression (immuno -histochemistry technique) . Results The number of apoptotic neuronal cells increased significantly in group B (N-I/R) and C (H-I/R) compared with that in control group (A) (P

The correlation between P_(ET)CO_2 and cerebral blood flow, cerebral metabolism and intracranial pressure in neurosurgical patients / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To investigate the correlation between PaCO2 and cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral metabolism of oxygen (CMRO2), glucose (CMRglu) and lactate (CMRlact) and intracranial pressure during intracranial surgery. Methods Twenty ASA Ⅰ - Ⅱ patients (6 male, 6 female), aged between 26-54yr, weighing (65 ? 11) kg scheduled for elective intracranial surgery were studied. The patients were unpremedicated. Before general anesthesia radial artery was cannulated and a catheter was inserted into internal jugular vein and advanced cranially until jugular bulb. Lumber puncture was performed at L3-4 and a catheter was inserted into subarachnoid space for 3 cm, for pressure monitoring and CSF sampling. Anesthesia was induced with diazepam 10mg, fentanyl 3-4?g?kg-1, propofol 2mg?kg-1 and vecuronium 0.08mg?kg-1 iv. The patients were mechanically ventilated with a mixture of oxygen and argon (O2 : argon = 3 : 1) after tracheal intubation. Anesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane and intermittent iv boluses of vecuronium. Arterial and cerebral venous blood gases, glucose and lactate levels, CBF, ICP and CSF level of lactate were determined before anesthesia when patients were awake(Ⅰ) and during anesthesia when PETCO2 = 40, 30, 20 mm Hg (Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ). CBF was measured by modified Kety-Schmidt inert gas saturation technique with argon. CMRO2 and CMRglu were calculated based on the difference in their arterial -cerebral venous blood levels. Results At PETCO2 20mm Hg (Ⅳ) CBF decreased by 57.75% and CMRO2 by 58.70% as compared with the baseline; CMRglu decreased by 46.93% as compared with the baseline. There was no significant change in lactate level, jugular venous blood O2 saturation and pH. ICP decreased from (22.14 ? 7.88)mm Hg( Ⅰ) to (17.57?5.03)mm Hg( Ⅱ ),(13.43?4.89)mm Hg(Ⅲ) and (10.00? 2.31)mm Hg(Ⅳ) and the differences were significant. All measurements were done when MAP and HR were stable. PET CO2 was (10? 2) mm Hg lower than PaCO2 . Conclusions Cerebral blood flow, cerebral oxygen and glucose metabolism and intracranial pressure change with changes in PET CO2 . Cerebral vascular reactivity to CO2 is not impaired by 1.3 MAC sevoflurane. Mild hypocapnia is necessary during neurosurgery.